Nkuko twese tubizi, ibikoresho byuma byuma bidafite ibyuma byashyizwe mubyuma bya austenitike, ibyuma bya ferritic ibyuma na martensitike idafite ibyuma.
Ibyiciro by'ibyuma bidafite ingese bigabanijwemo 45, 50, 60, 70, na 80. Ibikoresho bigabanijwe cyane muri austenite A1, A2, A4, martensite na ferrite C1, C2, na C4. Uburyo bwayo bwo kuvuga ni nka A2-70, mbere na nyuma "-" byerekana ibikoresho bya bolt n'imbaraga urwego.
1.Icyuma kitagira umuyonga
. Nubwo ikomeje kurwanya ruswa, ntabwo isabwa gukoreshwa ahantu hashobora kugaragara ruswa, kandi irakwiriye kumashanyarazi idafite ibyuma bitarimo ruswa irwanya ruswa kandi irwanya ubushyuhe, hamwe nibisabwa imbaraga rusange. Ibi bikoresho ntibishobora kuvurwa. Bitewe nuburyo bwo kubumba, ni magnetique kandi ntibikwiriye kugurishwa. Ibyiciro bya Ferritic birimo: 430 na 430F.
2.Icyuma cya Mensensitike
(12% -18% Chromium) - Icyuma cya Martensitike kitagira ibyuma gifatwa nkicyuma cya rukuruzi. Irashobora kuvurwa ubushyuhe kugirango yongere ubukana bwayo kandi ntibisabwa gusudira. Ibyuma bitagira umwanda muri ubu bwoko birimo: 410, 416, 420, na 431. Bafite imbaraga zingana hagati ya 180.000 na 250.000 PSI.
Andika 410 na Type 416 birashobora gushimangirwa no kuvura ubushyuhe, hamwe nuburemere bwa 35-45HRC hamwe na mashini nziza. Nibishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe kandi birwanya ruswa ibyuma bitagira ibyuma kubintu rusange. Ubwoko bwa 416 bufite sulfure yo hejuru gato kandi byoroshye-gukata ibyuma bitagira umwanda. Andika 420, hamwe na sulfure ya R0.15%, yateje imbere imashini kandi irashobora gushimangirwa no kuvura ubushyuhe. Agaciro ntarengwa ni 53-58HRC. Ikoreshwa mubyuma bidafite ingese bisaba imbaraga zisumba izindi.
3.Icyuma cya Austenitis
. Iki cyiciro cyibyuma bitagira umwanda birimo amanota akurikira: 302, 303, 304, 304L, 316, 321, 347, na 348. Bafite kandi imbaraga zingana hagati ya 80.000 - 150.000 PSI. Yaba arwanya ruswa, cyangwa imiterere yubukanishi irasa.
Ubwoko 302 bukoreshwa kumashini zikoreshejwe no kwikubita hasi.
Andika 303 Kugirango tunoze imikorere yo gukata, umubare muto wa sulferi wongewe mubwoko bwa 303 ibyuma bitagira umwanda, bikoreshwa mugutunganya imbuto ziva mububiko.
Ubwoko 304 burakwiriye gutunganya ibyuma bitagira umuyonga ukoresheje inzira ishyushye, nkibisobanuro birebire birebire hamwe na diameter nini ya diameter, bishobora kurenza urugero rwimitwe ikonje.
Ubwoko bwa 305 burakwiriye gutunganyirizwa ibyuma bitagira umuyonga ukoresheje inzira ikonje, nk'imbuto ikonje ikonje hamwe na bolt ya mpande esheshatu.
Ubwoko 316 na 317, byombi birimo ibintu bivanga Mo, bityo imbaraga zabo zo hejuru hamwe no kurwanya ruswa birenze 18-8 ibyuma bitagira umwanda.
Andika 321 na Ubwoko 347, Ubwoko 321 burimo Ti, ibintu bisa nkaho bihamye, kandi Ubwoko 347 burimo Nb, buteza imbere kwangirika kwangirika kwimiterere yibikoresho. Irakwiriye kubice byuma bidafite ingese bidahujwe nyuma yo gusudira cyangwa biri muri serivisi kuri 420-1013 ° C.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Nyakanga-18-2023
