Vuba aha, Inama ishinzwe ingufu z’umuyaga ku isi (GWEC) yasohoye "Raporo y’umuyaga w’isi 2024" (aha ni ukuvuga "Raporo"), yerekana ko mu 2023, ingufu z’umuyaga zashyizweho ku isi zigeze kuri 117 GW, zishyiraho amateka mashya inyandiko. Uyu muryango wemera ko inganda zikoresha ingufu z'umuyaga ubu zinjiye mu gihe cyo kwiyongera byihuse. Icyakora, haracyari imbogamizi nyinshi mubijyanye na politiki yigihugu hamwe n’ibidukikije bya macroeconomic. Kugirango tugere ku cyerekezo cyo gukuba kabiri ingufu zashyizweho n’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu mu 2030, guverinoma n’inganda ntibigomba guteza imbere ingufu gusa mu iterambere ry’inganda zikomoka ku muyaga ahubwo banashyiraho urwego rwiza kandi rwizewe rutanga ingufu z’umuyaga ku isi kugira ngo iterambere rikomeze kwiyongera inganda.
Intambwe yibanze mubushobozi bwashyizweho
Nk’uko "Raporo" ibivuga, 2023 wari umwaka wo gukomeza kwiyongera ku nganda zikoresha ingufu z'umuyaga ku isi, ibihugu 54 byongera amashanyarazi mashya. Ibikoresho bishya byakwirakwijwe ku migabane yose, byose hamwe ni 117 GW, byiyongereyeho 50% ugereranije na 2022. Mu mpera za 2023, ingufu z’umuyaga w’umuyaga ku isi zashyizwe kuri GW 1,021, ibyo bikaba byerekana ko 13% byiyongereye ku mwaka ku mwaka kandi kurenga 1-terawatt intambwe yambere.
Mu gice cyagabanijwe, hafi 106 GW y’ibikorwa bishya mu 2023 byaturutse ku mashanyarazi y’umuyaga ku nkombe, bikaba bibaye ku nshuro ya mbere ko ubwiyongere bw’umwaka mu mashanyarazi y’umuyaga ku butaka bwarenze 100 GW, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 54%. Ubushinwa nicyo gihugu cyazamutse cyane mu bijyanye n’amashanyarazi y’umuyaga ku nkombe, hiyongeraho ingufu za GW zirenga 69 umwaka ushize. Amerika, Burezili, Ubudage, n'Ubuhinde byashyizwe ku mwanya wa kabiri kugeza ku mwanya wa gatanu ku isi mu kuzamura ingufu z'umuyaga ku nkombe, aho ibyo bihugu bitanu bingana na 82% by'amashanyarazi mashya y’umuyaga ku isi.
Urebye mu karere, ubwiyongere bukomeye bw’isoko ry’ingufu z’umuyaga mu Bushinwa rikomeje guteza imbere ingufu z’umuyaga mu karere ka Aziya-Pasifika, biganisha ku kuzamuka kw’ubwiyongere bukabije ku isi. Muri ubwo buryo, Amerika y'Epfo yagize ubwiyongere bukabije mu mashanyarazi y’umuyaga mu 2023, aho amashanyarazi y’umuyaga ku nkombe yiyongereyeho 21% umwaka ushize. Byongeye kandi, uturere twa Afurika n’iburasirazuba bwo hagati nabwo twabonye iterambere ryihuse mu mashanyarazi y’umuyaga ku nkombe, aho amashanyarazi y’umuyaga yiyongereyeho 182% mu 2023.
Kongera ishoramari rikenewe mu nganda
Mu gihe ubukungu bugenda buzamuka bugenda bwiyongera cyane mu mbaraga z’umuyaga, umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’amashanyarazi y’umuyaga mu bihugu byateye imbere wagabanutse. "Raporo" yerekana ko uturere twose ku isi tutagira iterambere ryihuse mu mashanyarazi y’umuyaga. Mu 2023, umuvuduko w’ingufu z’umuyaga mu Burayi no muri Amerika ya Ruguru wagabanutse ugereranije na 2022.
Ikigaragara cyane, hariho itandukaniro rikomeye mumuvuduko witerambere ryumuyaga kwisi yose. Ben Backwell, Umuyobozi mukuru w’Inama ishinzwe ingufu z’umuyaga ku isi, yagize ati: "Kugeza ubu, ubwiyongere bw’amashanyarazi y’umuyaga bwibanda cyane mu bihugu bike nk'Ubushinwa, Amerika, Burezili, n'Ubudage. Imbaraga z'ejo hazaza zigomba kwibanda ku kuzamura isoko. urwego rwo kwagura igipimo cy’amashanyarazi y’umuyaga. " Backwell yizera ko nubwo ibihugu byinshi byihaye intego zo guteza imbere ingufu z’umuyaga mu myaka yashize, ibihugu bimwe na bimwe by’inganda zikoresha ingufu z’umuyaga biracyafite ubunebwe cyangwa birahagarara. Abafata ibyemezo n'abashoramari bakeneye kugira uruhare runini mu gutuma uturere twose ku isi dushobora kubona amashanyarazi meza ndetse n'iterambere rirambye ry'ubukungu.
Ubufatanye munganda zitanga inganda nkurufunguzo
"Raporo" yerekana ko, muri rusange, inganda z’ingufu z’umuyaga ku isi zinjiye mu gihe cy’iterambere ryihuse, zishyigikiwe na politiki n’inkunga byiyongera. Hamwe n’iterambere ry’ubukungu bukomeye, irekurwa rya hato na hato ku masoko azamuka, hamwe n’urwego rw’ingufu z’umuyaga ziva mu nyanja, ingufu z’umuyaga w’umuyaga ku isi ziteganijwe kuzagera kuri "terawatt intambwe" itaha mu 2029, umwaka umwe mbere y’uko byari byavuzwe mbere. .
Icyakora, "Raporo" iragaragaza kandi ibibazo byinshi byugarije inganda z’ingufu z’umuyaga ku isi, harimo n’ibidukikije by’ubukungu, kongera umuvuduko w’ifaranga mu bihugu bitandukanye, ibibazo by’ibicuruzwa bitangwa, ndetse n’ihungabana rikomeje kwiyongera mu mibereho n’ubukungu ku isi. Amakimbirane akomeje kubaho muri politiki no gukomeza gushora imari mu bicanwa ni ibintu byongera ingaruka mbi ku iterambere ry’inganda zikomoka ku muyaga.
Ukurikije izo mbogamizi, "Raporo" itanga ibyifuzo byinshi. Irahamagarira ibihugu guhindura byihuse politiki yo guteza imbere ingufu z'umuyaga, guteza imbere ishoramari rya gride, no kwihutisha iyubakwa ry'ibikorwa remezo. Hagomba kandi kwibandwaho cyane ku ikoranabuhanga rigenda rigaragara nkubwenge bwubuhanga no gushishikariza guhanga udushya. Byongeye kandi, raporo yerekana ko guverinoma zishimangira ubufatanye bw’isi yose mu rwego rwo gutanga amashanyarazi.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-23-2024